Tech Glossary

Technologies explained clearly.

From AI frameworks and SaaS stacks to web tools – 123 terms from our day-to-day work, defined briefly and clearly.

14 terms

Backend & languages

FastAPI

Modern Python framework for building high-performance web APIs.

Filament

Toolkit for building admin panels and backends on top of Laravel.

Flask

Lightweight Python framework for web applications and APIs.

GraphQL

Query language for APIs in which clients request exactly the data they need.

Java

Platform-independent, object-oriented programming language for large applications.

Kotlin

Modern programming language that is interoperable with Java, used mainly for Android.

Laravel

Open-source PHP framework for modern web applications and APIs.

Node.js

JavaScript runtime for server-side applications outside the browser.

PHP

Widely used scripting language for server-side web development.

Python

General-purpose, highly readable programming language with a broad range of uses.

REST API

Architectural style for web interfaces based on HTTP and resources.

Swift

Programming language developed by Apple for iOS and macOS applications.

Symfony

Open-source PHP framework made up of reusable components.

WebSocket

Protocol for bidirectional real-time communication between browser and server.

6 terms

CMS & e-commerce

Elementor

Visual page builder available as a plugin for WordPress websites.

Shopify

Cloud-based e-commerce platform for creating and running online stores.

Shopware

Modular e-commerce system from Germany for online stores.

TYPO3

Open-source enterprise content management system for large websites.

WooCommerce

Open-source e-commerce plugin that extends WordPress with shop functionality.

WordPress

Widely used open-source content management system for websites and blogs.

8 terms

Databases & storage

Algolia

Hosted search service (search as a service) for fast website and app search.

Amazon S3

Object storage service from Amazon Web Services for files of any size.

Elasticsearch

Distributed search and analytics engine for full-text search and large volumes of data.

MongoDB

Document-oriented NoSQL database that stores data in flexible JSON-like structures.

MySQL

Widely used open-source relational database system.

Pinecone

Managed vector database for similarity search in AI applications.

PostgreSQL

Open-source, object-relational database system with a strong focus on standards compliance.

Redis

Open-source in-memory data store used for caching, sessions and queues.

17 terms

DevOps & cloud

Ansible

Tool for automating configuration and provisioning.

Apache Kafka

Distributed platform for processing and streaming large volumes of event data.

Apache Spark

Distributed framework for processing and analyzing large volumes of data.

AWS

Amazon's cloud platform with compute, storage and AI services.

CI/CD

Practices for the automated integration, testing and delivery of software.

Cloudflare

Provider of CDN, DNS and security services for websites and applications.

Docker

Platform for containerizing applications together with their dependencies.

Git

Distributed version control system for managing source code.

GitHub

Web-based platform for hosting Git repositories and collaborating on code.

GitHub Actions

Platform integrated into GitHub for automating workflows and CI/CD.

GitLab

Platform for Git repositories with integrated CI/CD and DevOps features.

Google Cloud

Google's cloud platform with compute, storage, data and AI services.

Jenkins

Open-source server for automating build and deployment processes.

Kubernetes

Open-source system for orchestrating containerized applications.

Microsoft Azure

Microsoft's cloud platform offering compute, storage and AI services.

Nginx

Open-source web server that also serves as a reverse proxy and load balancer.

Terraform

Tool for declaratively provisioning infrastructure as code.

23 terms

Frontend

Alpine.js

Lightweight JavaScript framework for interactivity directly in the markup.

Angular

Comprehensive TypeScript framework from Google for complex single-page applications.

Bootstrap

CSS framework with ready-made components and a grid system.

CSS3

Stylesheet language for designing and laying out web pages.

Flutter

Open-source UI framework from Google for cross-platform apps.

GSAP

JavaScript library for high-performance animations on the web.

HTML5

Current version of the markup language for structuring web pages.

Inertia.js

Adapter that connects single-page apps with classic server-side frameworks without a separate API.

JavaScript

Standardized programming language of the web for interactive content.

Livewire

Laravel framework for dynamic interfaces written predominantly in PHP rather than JavaScript.

Next.js

React framework for server-side rendering, static pages and full web applications.

Nuxt.js

Vue framework for server-side rendering, static pages and structured web applications.

Progressive Web App (PWA)

Website that behaves like an installable app thanks to modern web technology.

React

JavaScript library from Meta for building component-based user interfaces.

React Native

Framework for building native mobile apps with React and JavaScript.

Redux

Library for centralized, predictable state management in JavaScript applications.

Sass/SCSS

CSS preprocessor that extends CSS with variables, nesting and more.

Tailwind CSS

Utility-first CSS framework for styling directly in the markup.

Three.js

JavaScript library for rendering 3D graphics in the browser via WebGL.

TypeScript

Typed superset of JavaScript developed by Microsoft.

Vite

Modern build and development toolkit for fast frontend projects.

Vue.js

Progressive JavaScript framework for reactive user interfaces.

Webpack

Module bundler that combines JavaScript, CSS and other assets for the browser.

16 terms

AI & machine learning

Anthropic Claude

Family of large language models from the AI company Anthropic.

Apache Airflow

Open-source platform for authoring, scheduling and monitoring workflows.

CUDA

NVIDIA's parallel computing platform for using GPUs for general-purpose computation.

ElevenLabs

AI platform for synthesizing natural-sounding speech from text.

Hugging Face

Platform and libraries for pretrained AI models and datasets.

Keras

High-level API for building and training neural networks.

LangChain

Open-source framework for developing applications based on large language models.

MLflow

Open-source platform for managing the lifecycle of machine learning projects.

NLTK

Established Python library for natural language processing.

OpenAI

AI company that offers the GPT models and an associated API.

OpenCV

Open-source library for computer vision and image processing.

PyTorch

Open-source deep learning framework with a dynamic computation graph.

Scikit-learn

Python library for classical machine learning methods.

spaCy

Open-source library for natural language processing in Python.

TensorFlow

Open-source framework for machine learning and neural networks.

Whisper

OpenAI's automatic speech recognition model for converting speech to text.

26 terms

Marketing, analytics & SEO

Ahrefs

Comprehensive SEO software with features for backlink analysis, keyword research and website audits.

Answer Engine Optimization

Optimizing content for direct answers — from featured snippets to AI assistants.

ChatGPT Ads

Advertisements within ChatGPT, booked through OpenAI — for users of the free access tiers.

Core Web Vitals

Metrics defined by Google to measure the user experience when a web page loads.

Generative Engine Optimization

Optimizing content so that it is named and cited in the answers of generative AI systems.

Google Ads

Google's advertising platform for paid ads in search, the Display Network, YouTube and other channels.

Google Analytics 4

Current version of Google's web analytics service for measuring user behavior on websites and in apps.

Google My Business

Google service for managing a business profile in Search and Maps.

Google Search Console

Free Google service for monitoring and optimizing a website's presence in Google Search.

Google Tag Manager

Google tool for centrally managing tracking codes and marketing tags without directly editing the source code.

Hotjar

Analytics tool for examining user behavior on websites using heatmaps, session recordings and surveys.

HubSpot

Cloud platform for CRM, marketing, sales and service processes.

Lighthouse

Open-source audit tool from Google for assessing the quality of web pages.

LLMO

Umbrella term for measures intended to increase a brand's visibility in large language models.

llms.txt

Text file in the root directory of a website that offers language models the most important content in condensed form.

Looker Studio

Free Google tool for creating interactive dashboards and reports from various data sources.

Mailchimp

Email marketing platform for managing newsletters and automated campaigns.

Meta Business Suite

Meta's central interface for managing Facebook and Instagram presences and advertising.

Optimizely

Platform for experimentation and personalization, especially for A/B tests to optimize digital offerings.

PageSpeed Insights

Google tool that evaluates a page's loading performance using lab and field data and suggests concrete improvements.

Performance Max

Google Ads campaign type that delivers ads automatically across channels.

Schema.org

Collaborative vocabulary for marking up structured data on web pages.

Screaming Frog

Desktop program for crawling websites for technical SEO audits.

Search Ads 360

Google platform for managing search engine advertising across channels and providers.

SEMrush

SEO and online marketing software with features for keyword research, competitor analysis and visibility monitoring.

Sistrix

SEO software from Bonn, Germany, known for its visibility index, which bundles a domain's Google rankings into a comparable metric.

1 terms

Payments & APIs

Stripe

Payment platform for processing online payments in web and app applications.

12 terms

Software quality

Clean Code

Guiding idea for code that is designed to be understandable for humans and not just for the compiler.

Code Review

Systematic examination of code by other developers before it is merged into the main branch.

Code Smell

Conspicuous pattern in code that is not necessarily wrong but points to a deeper problem.

Definition of Done

Written list of criteria agreed in the team that a task must meet in order to count as done.

Linting

Automated checking of code for style and formatting errors according to fixed rules.

Mutation Testing

Technique that deliberately introduces small errors into the code to check how meaningful the tests are.

Quality Gate

Check stage in the development pipeline that lets a change pass only if fixed criteria are met.

Refactoring

Targeted restructuring of existing code without changing its external behavior.

Regression Test

Re-testing of existing functions after a change in order to detect newly introduced errors.

Static Code Analysis

Automated examination of source code for errors and risks without running the program.

Technical Debt

Metaphor for the later effort caused by code that was solved sloppily, knowingly or unknowingly.

Test Coverage

Metric indicating what share of a program is actually executed during a test run.

From Theory to Implementation

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